石膏粉作為一種傳統(tǒng)的建筑材料，憑借其獨(dú)特的物理特性和施工優(yōu)勢(shì)，在舊房翻新中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用空間。但由于舊房結(jié)構(gòu)和翻新需求的特殊性，石膏粉的使用需結(jié)合具體場(chǎng)景合理選擇，才能充分發(fā)揮其作用，同時(shí)避免潛在問(wèn)題。

　　Gypsum powder, as a traditional building material, has a wide range of applications in the renovation of old houses due to its unique physical properties and construction advantages. However, due to the unique structure and renovation needs of old houses, the use of gypsum powder needs to be selected reasonably based on specific scenarios in order to fully utilize its function and avoid potential problems.

　　從材料特性來(lái)看，石膏粉具備適合舊房翻新的多項(xiàng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。它主要成分為二水硫酸鈣，加水?dāng)嚢韬竽芸焖倌坛尚停Y(jié)時(shí)間可通過(guò)添加緩凝劑調(diào)節(jié)，一般在幾分鐘到幾十分鐘內(nèi)即可硬化，大大縮短施工周期，尤其適合舊房翻新中對(duì)工期要求較緊的情況。凝固后的石膏具有良好的可塑性，能與基層緊密貼合，填充墻面、頂面的細(xì)小縫隙和凹陷，使表面平整光滑，為后續(xù)裝飾工序打下基礎(chǔ)。此外，石膏粉質(zhì)地輕盈，相比水泥等材料對(duì)墻體的負(fù)重更小，適合舊房墻體承載力較弱的特點(diǎn)，可減少因材料過(guò)重導(dǎo)致的墻體開(kāi)裂風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　From the perspective of material properties, gypsum powder has multiple advantages suitable for renovating old houses. Its main component is calcium sulfate dihydrate, which can quickly solidify and form after mixing with water. The setting time can be adjusted by adding a retarder, and it can generally harden within a few minutes to tens of minutes, greatly shortening the construction period. It is especially suitable for situations where the renovation of old houses requires a tight schedule. After solidification, gypsum has good plasticity and can closely adhere to the base layer, filling small gaps and depressions on walls and ceilings, making the surface smooth and even, laying the foundation for subsequent decoration processes. In addition, gypsum powder has a lightweight texture and has a smaller load-bearing capacity on the wall compared to materials such as cement. It is suitable for the weak load-bearing capacity of old house walls and can reduce the risk of wall cracking caused by excessive material weight.

　　在墻面基層處理中，石膏粉是理想的找平材料。舊房墻面常存在脫皮、起砂、局部凹凸不平等問(wèn)題，使用石膏粉進(jìn)行局部修補(bǔ)或整體找平，能有效改善墻面平整度。對(duì)于墻面的細(xì)小裂縫，可將石膏粉與膠水按比例混合調(diào)成膏狀，嵌入裂縫后抹平，凝固后能與原有墻體形成整體，防止裂縫進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。在處理墻面返潮導(dǎo)致的粉化區(qū)域時(shí)，需先清除疏松基層，再用石膏粉分層涂抹，利用石膏的透氣性，幫助墻體內(nèi)部水分散發(fā)，避免 moisture 積聚導(dǎo)致二次損壞。不過(guò)，石膏粉的耐水性較差，若墻面處于長(zhǎng)期潮濕環(huán)境（如衛(wèi)生間、廚房緊鄰的墻面），則需配合防水涂層使用，否則易出現(xiàn)軟化、脫落。

　　Gypsum powder is an ideal leveling material in wall base treatment. The walls of old houses often suffer from peeling, sanding, and uneven unevenness. Using gypsum powder for local repair or overall leveling can effectively improve the flatness of the walls. For small cracks on the wall, gypsum powder and glue can be mixed in proportion to form a paste, embedded in the cracks and smoothed out. After solidification, it can form a whole with the original wall to prevent further expansion of the cracks. When dealing with the powdering area caused by wall moisture regain, it is necessary to first remove the loose base layer, and then apply gypsum powder layer by layer to utilize the permeability of gypsum to help the internal moisture of the wall dissipate and avoid secondary damage caused by moisture accumulation. However, the water resistance of gypsum powder is poor. If the wall is in a long-term humid environment (such as the wall adjacent to the bathroom or kitchen), it needs to be used in conjunction with a waterproof coating, otherwise it is prone to softening and peeling.

　　石膏粉在頂面翻新中也能發(fā)揮作用。舊房頂面的吊頂拆除后，原基層可能殘留釘眼、接縫痕跡，用石膏粉填補(bǔ)后可使頂面平整，便于后續(xù)刷漆或貼壁紙。對(duì)于局部出現(xiàn)的空鼓區(qū)域，鏟除空鼓部分后，用石膏粉重新找平，能減少頂面因受力不均產(chǎn)生的開(kāi)裂。但需注意，石膏粉凝固后存在一定的收縮性，大面積使用時(shí)需分次涂抹，每層厚度不宜超過(guò) 5 毫米，待前一層完全干燥后再涂下一層，避免因收縮過(guò)大產(chǎn)生新的裂縫。

　　Gypsum powder can also play a role in top renovation. After the removal of the suspended ceiling on the top of the old house, there may be residual nail holes and joint marks on the original base layer. Filling with gypsum powder can make the top surface flat, which is convenient for subsequent painting or wallpaper pasting. For areas with local hollowing, removing the hollowing part and re leveling with gypsum powder can reduce cracking caused by uneven stress on the top surface. However, it should be noted that gypsum powder has a certain degree of shrinkage after solidification. When used in large areas, it should be applied in batches, and the thickness of each layer should not exceed 5 millimeters. Wait until the previous layer is completely dry before applying the next layer to avoid new cracks caused by excessive shrinkage.

　　在造型裝飾方面，石膏粉可用于制作簡(jiǎn)單的線(xiàn)條和浮雕。舊房翻新中若需修復(fù)或新增墻面裝飾線(xiàn)條，石膏粉與纖維材料混合后，能塑造出各種簡(jiǎn)潔的線(xiàn)條造型，凝固后打磨光滑，再進(jìn)行刷漆處理，與原有裝飾風(fēng)格相協(xié)調(diào)。不過(guò)，石膏線(xiàn)條的強(qiáng)度有限，不宜用于承重部位或易碰撞的區(qū)域，否則易出現(xiàn)破損。此外，石膏粉還可用于家具表面的局部修補(bǔ)，如木質(zhì)家具的凹陷、蟲(chóng)蛀孔洞，用石膏粉混合木膠填補(bǔ)后，打磨平整即可進(jìn)行油漆修飾，恢復(fù)家具外觀。

　　In terms of decorative design, gypsum powder can be used to create simple lines and reliefs. If it is necessary to repair or add wall decorative lines during the renovation of an old house, gypsum powder mixed with fiber materials can create various simple line shapes. After solidification, they can be polished smooth and then painted to coordinate with the original decorative style. However, the strength of gypsum lines is limited and should not be used in load-bearing areas or areas prone to collision, otherwise damage may occur. In addition, gypsum powder can also be used for local repair of furniture surfaces, such as depressions and insect holes in wooden furniture. After filling with gypsum powder mixed with wood glue, it can be polished flat for paint decoration and restore the appearance of furniture.

　　使用石膏粉進(jìn)行舊房翻新時(shí)，需注意施工環(huán)境的影響。施工溫度宜在 5℃-35℃之間，溫度過(guò)低會(huì)延緩凝固時(shí)間，過(guò)高則可能導(dǎo)致表面干燥過(guò)快產(chǎn)生裂紋。攪拌石膏粉時(shí)需控制加水量，水灰比不當(dāng)會(huì)影響凝固后的強(qiáng)度 —— 加水過(guò)多易導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)度下降、干燥后起粉；加水過(guò)少則難以攪拌均勻，出現(xiàn)結(jié)塊影響平整度。施工完成后，需保持通風(fēng)干燥，避免直接暴曬或強(qiáng)風(fēng)直吹，讓石膏自然硬化，確保其強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性。

　　When renovating old houses with gypsum powder, attention should be paid to the impact of the construction environment. The construction temperature should be between 5 ℃ and 35 ℃. If the temperature is too low, it will delay the solidification time, while if it is too high, it may cause the surface to dry too quickly and produce cracks. When mixing gypsum powder, it is necessary to control the amount of water added. Improper water cement ratio can affect the strength after solidification - adding too much water can easily lead to a decrease in strength and powder formation after drying; Insufficient water addition makes it difficult to stir evenly, resulting in clumping that affects flatness. After the construction is completed, it is necessary to maintain ventilation and dryness, avoid direct exposure to sunlight or strong winds, and allow the gypsum to naturally harden to ensure its strength and stability.

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